ἀρετὴν καὶ σωφροσύνην

ἐργάζομαι, Il.18.469, etc., Cret. [full] ϝεργάδδομαι Schwyzer181v5: [tense] fut.

A

- άσομαι Thgn.1116

, etc., [dialect] Dor.

ἐργαξοῦμαι Theoc.10.23

,

ἐργῶμαι PCair.Zen.107.4

(iii B. C.), LXX Ge.29.27, al., IG7.3073.12 (Lebad., ii B. C. ) (but Hsch. ἐργᾷ· ἐργάζει): [tense] aor. εἰργασάμην, [dialect] Ion.

ἐργ- Hdt.2.115

, A.Th. 845 (lyr.), etc., [ per.] 3pl. opt.

ἐργασαίατο Ar.Av. 1147

, Lys.42 ; [dialect] Dor.

ἠργάξαντο SIG248

M (Delph., iv B. C.): [tense] pf. εἴργασμαι, [dialect] Ion.

ἔργ- Hdt.2.121

.έ, A.Fr. 311, etc.—These tenses are used both in [voice] Med. and [voice] Pass. signfs.: for other [voice] Pass. tenses, v. infr. 111:—[dialect] Att. Inscrr. of cent. iv have ἠργαζόμην, ἠργασάμην, ([etym.] ἐξ-) IG22.1585.11, 1669.10, al., but εἴργασμαι ib.1666 A27 ; so also ἠργάσατο ib.7.424 (Oropus, iv B. C.), εἰργασμένος ib.3073.51 (Lebad., ii B. C.),

ἐξήργασατο UPZ19.8

(ii B. C.),

εἴργασμαι PCair.Zen.146.3

(iii B. C.); but this rule is often broken in later Pap., Inscrr., and codd.:—work, labour, esp. of husbandry, Hes.Op. 299, 309, Th.2.72, etc.; but also of all manual labour, of slaves,

ἐ. ἀνάγκῃ Od.14.272

; of quarrymen, Hdt.2.124, etc.;

τὴν οὐσίαν οὐ δικαζόμενον ἀλλ' ἐργαζόμενον κεκτημένον Antipho 2.2.12

; ἐ. ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις in the mines, D.42.31 : c. dat. instr., χαλκῷ with brass, Hes.Op. 151 ; also of animals,

βοῦς ἐργάτης ἐργάζεται S. Fr. 563

; of birds working to get food, Arist.HA 616b35 ; of bees, ib. 625b22 ; of Hephaestus' self-acting bellows, Il.18.469 ; τὸ χρῆμ' ἐργάζεται the matter works, i.e. goes on, Ar.Ec. 148 ;

ὁ ἀὴρ ἐργάζεται

produces an effect,

Thphr.CP5.12.7

; οὐχ ὁμοίως ἐργάσεται τὸ θερμόν ib.6.18.11.

II trans., work at, make, ἔργα κλυτά, of Athena, Od. 20.72, cf. 22.422 ; ἀγάλματα, ὕμνους, Pi.N.5.1,I.2.46 ; τρίποδα, Νίκην, SIG34 (Delph., v B. C.);

ἁμαξίδας Ar.Nu. 880

;

οἰκοδόμημα Th.2.76

; εἰκόνας, ἀνδριάντας, καλὰ ἔργα, Pl.Cra. 431c, X.Mem.2.6.6, Pl.Men. 91d ; κηρόν, σχαδόνας, of bees, Arist.HA 627a6,30 ;

μέλι Sor.Vit. Hippocr.11

; make so and so,

ξηρὸν ἐ. τινά Luc.DMar.11.2

;

μέγαν Ael.VH3.1

.

2 do, perform,

ἔργα ἀεικέα Il.24.733

; ἔργον ἐπ' ἔργῳ ἐ., of husbandmen, Hes.Op. 382, cf. 397 ;

ἐργασίας ἐ. Arist.EN 1121b33

, cf. X.Oec.7.20 ; ἐναίσιμα, φίλα ἐ., Od.17.321, 24.210 ;

θαυμαστά Pl.Smp. 213d

;

περὶ θεοὺς ἄδικον μηδέν Id.Grg. 522d

; ἐ. πρᾶγμα, opp. βουλεύειν, S.Ant. 267, cf. OT 347 ;

τὸ ἔργον Κυρίου 1 Ep.Cor.16.10

: c. dupl. acc., do something to..,

τά περ νῦν ἐ. [ὁ ἥλιος] τὸν Νεῖλον Hdt.2.26

, etc.; chiefly in bad sense, do one ill, do one a shrewd turn,

κακὰ ἐργάζεσθαί τινα S.Ph. 786

, Th.1.137, etc.; so οἷά μ' εἰργάσω, τί μ' ἐργάσει; S.Ph. 928, 1172 (lyr.), etc.;

μὴ δῆτα τοῦτό μ' ἐργάσῃ Id.El. 1206

;

αἴσχιστα ἐ. τινά Ar.V. 787

; less freq.,

ἀγαθὰ ἐ. τινά Hdt.8.79

, cf. Th.3.52, Pl.Cri. 53a ;

πολλὰ καὶ καλὰ τὴν Ἑλλάδα Id.Phdr. 244b

; seldom

τινί τι Ar.V. 1350

;

οἷν ἐμοὶ δυοῖν ἔργ' ἐστὶ κρείσσον' ἀγχόνης εἰργασμένα S.OT 1374

.

b perform rites,

τὰ ἱερὰ ἐ. 1 Ep.Cor.9.13

.

c in Law, ζημίαν ἐ. do damage, Is.6.20, cf. Hyp.Ath.22.

3 work a material,

ὅπλα..οἷσίν τε χρυσὸν ἐργάζετο Od.3.435

; ἐ. γῆν till the land, Hdt.1.17, etc.;

ἐ. [ἀγροὺς] ἐργάταις X.Cyr.1.6.11

;

γῆν καὶ ξύλα καὶ λίθους Id.HG3.3.7

; [ ἀργυρῖτιν] Docum. ap. D.37.28 ; ἐ. θάλασσαν, of traders, D.H.3.46 ; γλαυκὴν ἐ., of fishers, Hes.Th. 440.

4 earn by working,

χρήματα Hdt.1.24

, Ar.Eq. 840, etc.;

καινὸν βίον ἐκ τοῦ δικαίου And.1.144

, cf. Hes.Op.43 ;

ἀργύριον ἀπὸ σοφίας Pl.Hp.Ma. 282d

;

μισθοῦ τὰ ἐπιτήδεια X.Mem.2.8.2

.

5 work at, practise, μουσικήν, τέχνας, etc., Pl.Phd. 60e, R. 374a, etc.;

ἐπιστήμας X.Oec.1.7

; ἀρετὴν καὶ σωφροσύνην v.l. in Isoc.13.6 ; δικαιοσύνην, ἀνομίαν, Act.Ap.10.35, Ev.Matt.7.23.

6 abs., work at a trade or business, traffic, trade,

ἐν [γναφείῳ] Lys.23.2

;

ἐν ἐμπορίῳ καὶ χρήμασιν D.36.44

;

ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ Id.57.31

(also οἱ τὴν τετράγωνον (sc. ἀγοράν) ἐργαζόμενοι those who trade in the square, BCH8.126 (cf. Glotta14.73));

κατὰ θάλατταν D.56.48

; τούτοις..ναυτικοῖς ἐ. trade with this money on bottomry, Id.33.4 ;

δὶς ἢ τρὶς ἐ. τῷ αὐτῷ ἀργυρίῳ Id.56.30

; ταῦτα ἐ. thus he trades, Id.25.82 ;

οἱ ἐργαζόμενοι

traders,

Id.34.51

; οἱ ἐν Δήλῳ ἐ., = Lat. qui Deli negotiantur, CIG2285b ; esp. of courtesans, σώματι ἐ., Lat. quaestum corpore facere, D.59.20 ;

ἐπὶ τέγους ἀπὸ τοῦ σώματος Plb.12.13.2

; ἀπὸ τῆς ὥρας Alexis Sam. ap. Ath.13.572f, Plu.Tim.14.

7 cause,

κολακείην Democr.268

;

πημονάς S.Ant. 326

;

πόθον τινί D.61.11

;

σύριγγας ἀνιάτους Paul.Aeg. 6.44

.

III [voice] Pass., rarely in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf., D.H.8.87 ([etym.] ἐξ-), Hyp.Eux.35 : [tense] fut.

ἐργασθήσομαι S.Tr. 1218

, ([etym.] ἐξ-) Isoc.Ep.6.8 : [tense] pf. εἴργασμαι (v. infr.): [tense] aor. 1

εἰργάσθην Pl.R. 353a

, Thphr.HP6.3.2, etc.

1 to be made or built,

ἔργαστο τὸ τεῖχος Hdt.1.179

;

ἐκ πέτρας εἰργασμένος A.Pr. 244

;

οἰκοδόμημα διὰ ταχέων εἰργ. Th.4.8

; λίθοι εἰργ. wrought stones, Id.1.93 ;

γῆ εἰργ. X.Oec.19.8

;

θώρακας εὖ εἰργ. Id.Mem.3.10.9

.

2 to be done, A.Ag. 354, 1346, E.Hec. 1085 ;

εἰργασμένα

things done, deeds,

Hdt.7.53

([etym.] ἐργ-), E. Ion 1281, cf. S.OT 1369.

ἐργάζομαι impf. ἠργαζόμην (εἰργ-edd., Ac 18:3); fut. 2 sg. ἐργᾷ; 3 sg.; ἐργᾶται and 3 pl. ἐργῶνται (all LXX); 1 aor. εἰργασάμην ( 2J 8; other edd. ἠρ.); pf. 3 sg. εἴργασται LXX; ptc. εἰργασμένος (for augment s. Mayser 332; Meisterhans³-Schw. 171; B-D-F §67, 3; Moulton, ClR 15, 1901, p. 35f; Mlt-H. 189f); pass. fut. 3 sg. ἐργασθήσεται Ezk 36:34; En 10:18 (s. ἔργον and next entry; Hom.+).

① to engage in activity that involves effort, work, intr. work, be active (Hes., Hdt. et al.) D 12:3. ταῖς χερσίν work w. one’s hands 1 Cor 4:12 (ἐ. ἰδίαις χερσίν as Biogr. p. 253; on depreciation of manual labor cp. Jos., Ant. 17, 333); 1 Th 4:11 (s. ἴδιος 3a). Also διὰ τῶν χειρῶν B 19:10. νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας work night and day 1 Th 2:9; 2 Th 3:8. ἐν τῷ ἀμπελῶνι in the vineyard Mt 21:28. Abs. Lk 13:14; J 9:4b; Ac 18:3; 1 Cor 9:6; 2 Th 3:10, 12. τῷ ἐργαζομένῳ to the worker Ro 4:4; cp. vs. 5 (ἐργαζόμενοι καλοί, OdeSol 11:20) and Lk 6:5 D (Unknown Sayings 49–54). Of God and Christ: work, be busy J 5:17 (cp. Maximus Tyr. 15, 6ef: Heracles must work without ceasing, since Zeus his father does the same).—Of financial enterprise: a sum of money (five talents) ἐ. ἐν αὐτοῖς do business/ trade with them (Demosth. 36, 44 ἐ. ἐν ἐμπορίῳ καὶ χρήμασιν) Mt 25:16.—MBalme, Attitudes to Work and Leisure in Ancient Greece: Greece and Rome 2d ser. 31, ’84, 140–52.

② to do or accomplish someth. through work, trans.

ⓐ do, accomplish, carry out w. acc. (Ael. Aristid. 42, 13 K.=6 p. 69 D.: ταῦτα ἐργαζομένου σου τοῦ κυρίου [Asclepius]) ἔργον (X., An. 6, 3, 17 κάλλιστον ἔργον ἐ.; Pla., Polit. 1, 346d; Appian, Celt. 18 §2, Bell. Civ. 2, 58 §238 al.; Arrian, Anab. 7, 17, 3; PPetr II, 9 [2], 4 [III B.C.]; Sir 51:30; TestSol D 4:8 τὸ ἔ. ὑμῶν; Just. D. 88, 8 τεκτονικὰ ἔργα) Ac 13:41 (Hab 1:5); 1 Cl 33:8. τὰ ἔργα τοῦ θεοῦ do the work of God (cp. Num 8:11) J 6:28; 9:4. τὸ ἔργον κυρίου the Lord’s work 1 Cor 16:10. ἐ. τι εἴς τινα do someth. to someone (Ps.-Demosth. 53, 18): ἔργον καλὸν εἴς τινα do a fine thing to someone Mt 26:10; cp. B 21:2; 3J 5. Also ἔν τινι Mk 14:6. In a different sense ἔργα ἐν θεῷ εἰργασμένα deeds performed in God J 3:21. ἐ. τὸ ἀγαθόν do what is good (cp. Dio Chrys. 16 [33], 15; GrBar 11:9; and Jos., Ant. 6, 208 ἀγαθά) Ro 2:10; Eph 4:28; Hm 2:4. Opp. ἐ. πονηρόν (Lucian, Catapl. 24) m 10, 2, 3. ἐ. ἀγαθὸν πρὸς πάντας do good to all people Gal 6:10. κακὸν ἐ. (Dio Chrys. 13 [7], 33; Palaeph. 1 and 3; Just., D. 95, 1 κακά; Ath. 11, 2 ἀεί τι ἐ. … κακόν): κακὸν τῷ πλησίον ἐ. do wrong to one’s neighbor Ro 13:10 (cp. Pr 3:30; EpArist 273). Gener. someth. Col 3:23; 2J 8; μηδὲν ἐ. do no work 2 Th 3:11. οὐδὲν τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ do nothing for righteousness Hs 5, 1, 4 (Ps.-Aristot., Mirabilia 142 οὐδὲν ἐργ.=accomplish nothing).—Also used with attributes, etc. (in Isocr. w. ἀρετήν, σωφροσύνην; Philo, Gig. 26 τελειότητα) δικαιοσύνην (Ps 14:2) do what is right Ac 10:35; Hb 11:33; Hv 2, 2, 7; m 5, 1, 1; Hs 9, 13, 7. ἐ. δικαιοσύνην θεοῦ do what is right in God’s sight Js 1:20 (but s. c below; v.l. κατεργάζεσθαι, q.v.). τὴν ἀνομίαν (Ps 5:6; 6:9 al.) Mt 7:23. ἁμαρτίαν commit sin Js 2:9 (Jos., Ant. 6, 124 τὸ ἁμάρτημα). Of the effect: τί ἐργάζῃ; what work are you doing? J 6:30 (cp. Philo, Leg. All. 3, 83; Tat. 25, 1 τί μέγα … ἐ. φιλόσοφοι;).

ⓑ practice, perform, officiate at (τέχνην, etc., X., Pla. et al.) τὰ ἱερά the temple rites 1 Cor 9:13 (cp. Num 8:11).

ⓒ bring about, give rise to as proceeds from work (s. next entry 4; Soph., Ant. 326; Epict., Fgm. Stob. 14 πενία λύπην ἐργάζεται; Just., A I, 45, 6 ὅπερ … κόλασιν διὰ πυρὸς αἰωνίαν ἐργάζεται). μετάνοιαν 2 Cor 7:10. ἐ. δικαιοσύνην θεοῦ bring about the righteousness that will stand before God (but s. a above) Js 1:20. θάνατον ἑαυτοῖς ἐ. bring death on themselves Hs 8, 8, 5 (Just., D. 124, 4).

ⓓ work (on) (τὴν γῆν Gen 2:5; En 10:18; ApcMos 24) τὴν θάλασσαν work on the sea for a livelihood (Aristot., Probl. 38, 2, 966b, 26; Dionys. Hal. 3, 46; Appian, Liby. 2 §5; 84 §397; Lucian, Electr. 5) Rv 18:17 (s. CLindhagen, ΕΡΓΑΖΕΣΘΑΙ, ’50: Uppsala Univ. Årsskrift ’50, 5, 5–26).

ⓔ work for/earn food (Hes., Op. 43 βίον ἐ.; Hdt. 1, 24 χρήματα; cp. Pla., Hipp. Mai. 282d, Laches 183a; X., Mem. 2, 8, 2; Theod. Pr 21:6. Also βρῶμα: Palaeph. p. 28, 10) ἐ. τὴν βρῶσιν J 6:27: in this context βρῶσις appears to be the free gift of the Human One (Son of Man).—As in the similar case of the Samaritan woman (cp. J 6:35 w. 4:14) hearers are simply prepared for the statement that they are to accept what is freely given. But ἐργάζεσθαι can also mean, when used w. food, prepare for use, digest, assimilate sc. τὴν τροφήν (Aristot., De Vita et Morte 4; Maximus Tyr. 15, 5a [ἐργ. τὴν τροφήν of the activity of the jaws]; more often ἐργασία τ. τροφῆς). The compound κατεργάζεσθαι is more common in this sense, but it is avoided in this passage for the sake of wordplay w. ἐργάζεσθαι in vs. 28.—DELG s.v. ἔργον. M-M. EDNT. TW.